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Background@#The association between life-event stressors and low physical activity linked to the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the perceived stress status and physical activity level associated with the severity of CAD. @*Methods@#The study was conducted among 423 patients with newly discovered CAD (both sexes, aged 35–65 years) confirmed by coronary angiography results. CAD severity was classified according to the Gensini score as severe or non-severe. The fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles were also investigated. Anthropometric and brachial blood pressure measurements were obtained. A structured questionnaire including participants’ characteristics, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used via face-to-face interviews. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of CAD severity using IBM SPSS ver. 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). @*Results@#Most participants were classified as having severe CAD (63.8%). Adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and history of hypertension, the severity of CAD increased by 9% for a onescore increase in the PSS (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.14; P=0.030). Moreover, sufficiently active (600–1,500 metabolic equivalents [METs]/wk) patients had lower odds of severe CAD (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23–0.72; P=0.027) than those with insufficient activity. However, no significant association was found between physical activity (≥1,500 METs/wk) and CAD severity. @*Conclusion@#The odds of CAD severity significantly increased with increasing perceived stress score but decreased with sufficient physical activity.
ABSTRACT
We aimed to examine the association between nutrient patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranian adults. In a cross-sectional study of 850 self-certified healthy women and men aged 20–59 years old, dietary data were assessed using three 24-hour recall. Anthropometric measures were done and blood samples were collected to measure serum fasting serum glucose and lipid profile. The MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federation. Major nutrient patterns were identified using principle competent analysis. In the first nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, zinc, iron, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and protein. In the second nutrient pattern, individuals in the first quintile had lower consumption of zinc, SFAs, vitamin E, α-tocopherol, oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, β-carotene, linolenic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids, compared to the fifth quintile. Furthermore, in the third nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of potassium, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, and folate compared to other quintiles. We identified the second pattern had an indirect association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar (p < 0.001 for all), and total cholesterol (p = 0.04) when it was controlled for body weight. Our findings showed that nutrient patterns may have an association with MetS components with mediating body weight.
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The association between dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) and cardiovascular risk factors such as low cardiovascular fitness (CRF) and elevated blood pressure (BP) has rarely been investigated. To investigate the association between DAQS, CRF, and BP. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 adult subjects living in Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The DAQS was calculated using antioxidant-nutrient intake. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, and BP were recorded by a trained interviewer, using standard methods. A significant increase was found in maximal oxygen uptake (p value = 0.01) across tertiles of DAQS. After adjusting for confounders, the association remained unchanged (p value = 0.02). Participants in the highest tertile of DAQS had higher systolic BP (SBP) (p value = 0.01) and diastolic BP (DBP) (p value = 0.03), although adjustment for confounding factors attenuated the results (p value = 0.3 for DBP and p value = 0.6 for SBP). Our results revealed that higher DAQS is associated with better CRF in Iranian adults. Further studies are needed to establish the veracity of our results.
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Background/Aims@#Psychobiotics are probiotics or prebiotics that, upon ingestion in adequate amounts, yield positive influence on mental health via microbiota-gut-brain axis regulation to modulate the circulating cytokines, chemokines, neurotransmitters, or neurotrophins levels.We have recently shown that a psychobiotic combination (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175;CEREBIOME) significantly improved depression symptoms in patients with depression. Recent animal data suggest the influence of the gut microbiota on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which was shown to correlate with antidepressant response in depressive patients. Therefore, we conducted this exploratory post hoc analysis of BDNF levels to clarify the mechanism of action of this psychobiotic in our cohort. @*Methods@#Our study was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of patients with low-to-moderate depression receiving either a probiotic combination, prebiotic or placebo. From the 110 patients randomized in the trial, 78 were included in this post hoc analysis (probiotic, n = 28; prebiotic and placebo, n = 25). We compared serum BDNF levels from participants at baseline and endpoint, and assessed the Pearson correlation between depression severity and BDNF levels for each intervention. @*Results@#We found that post-intervention BDNF levels were significantly different between groups (P 0.05). @*Conclusion@#Eight-week supplementation with B. longum and L. helveticus in depressive patients improved depression symptoms, possibly by increasing BDNF levels.
ABSTRACT
We aimed to examine the association between nutrient patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranian adults. In a cross-sectional study of 850 self-certified healthy women and men aged 20–59 years old, dietary data were assessed using three 24-hour recall. Anthropometric measures were done and blood samples were collected to measure serum fasting serum glucose and lipid profile. The MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federation. Major nutrient patterns were identified using principle competent analysis. In the first nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, zinc, iron, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and protein. In the second nutrient pattern, individuals in the first quintile had lower consumption of zinc, SFAs, vitamin E, α-tocopherol, oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, β-carotene, linolenic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids, compared to the fifth quintile. Furthermore, in the third nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of potassium, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, and folate compared to other quintiles. We identified the second pattern had an indirect association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar (p < 0.001 for all), and total cholesterol (p = 0.04) when it was controlled for body weight. Our findings showed that nutrient patterns may have an association with MetS components with mediating body weight.
ABSTRACT
The association between dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) and cardiovascular risk factors such as low cardiovascular fitness (CRF) and elevated blood pressure (BP) has rarely been investigated. To investigate the association between DAQS, CRF, and BP. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 adult subjects living in Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The DAQS was calculated using antioxidant-nutrient intake. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, and BP were recorded by a trained interviewer, using standard methods. A significant increase was found in maximal oxygen uptake (p value = 0.01) across tertiles of DAQS. After adjusting for confounders, the association remained unchanged (p value = 0.02). Participants in the highest tertile of DAQS had higher systolic BP (SBP) (p value = 0.01) and diastolic BP (DBP) (p value = 0.03), although adjustment for confounding factors attenuated the results (p value = 0.3 for DBP and p value = 0.6 for SBP). Our results revealed that higher DAQS is associated with better CRF in Iranian adults. Further studies are needed to establish the veracity of our results.
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In the present study, we sought to examine the association between dietary patterns (DPs) and visceral adiposity, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and triglyceride-glucose index. This cross-sectional study was conducted on adults aged between 18–45 years old who lived in Tehran, Iran, between February 2017 and December 2018 (n = 270). DPs were derived using principal component analysis. We used analysis of variance to examine differences in continues variables across tertiles of major DPs. Subsequently, for the modeling of these relationships, and also considering the possible effect of the confounding factors, multivariate regression was used. Three DPs were identified: healthy pattern, mixed pattern, and western pattern, respectively. Compared with individuals in the lowest category of mixed pattern, those in the highest category had lower fasting blood sugar (96.26 ± 11.57 vs. 101 ± 28.66, p = 0.01). A significant association was found between healthy pattern, after adjustment for potential confounders, and odds of LAP; such that individuals in the top category of healthy pattern score were 71% less likely to have a high LAP compared with those in the lowest category (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.10–0.81). We found that adherence to a healthy DP was associated with decreased LAP. To confirm the veracity of these findings, more studies should be conducted.
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Background: According to previous studies, patient with metabolic syndrome [MetS] are different in terms of body composition from healthy subjects. The purpose of the present study was to determine the body composition of healthy obese/overweight patients and compared them with those having MetS
Methods: A case-control study was conducted on both men and women aged 20 to 55 years, who were selected using sequential sampling method, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, from those referred to an endocrinology and the diabetes clinic affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. One hundred and forty seven subjects were enrolled in the study and divided into three groups, including 49 with MetS, 49 obese/overweight subjects without MetS, and 49 were normal weight subjects. Body composition was measured for all subjects using bioelectrical impedance analysis. NCEP ATP III was the criterion for definition of Mets
Results: No significant differences were found between the study groups in terms of demographic variables. The mean of the waist circumference [WC] was higher in MetS patients [P < 0.05] as compared with the control groups. Obese/overweight group had higher percentage of body fat and lower fat free mass than normal weight group [P < 0.05]
Conclusion: Obese/overweight patients with and without MetS had significantly higher fat mass and WC than normal weight controls, while only WC was higher in MetS group as compared with obese/overweight patients without MetS. Therefore, reduction in body fat and WC should be emphasized in patients with MetS
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Background: The metabolic syndrome [MetS] is increasing with an alarming rate world wide. Since diet components' studies that focus on MetS have produced largely inconsistent results, assessing the whole diet than single nutrients on health can be more practical. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between diet quality and MetS components
Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 152 participants aged 20-55 years recruited from the endocrinology center of Tehran University of medical sciences. Dietary intake assessed by food frequency questionnaire [FFQ] was used to calculate healthy eating index 2010 [HEI-2010]. Body mass index [BMI], weight, height, waist circumference, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-c], triglycerides [TG], fasting blood glucose [FBG], and blood pressure were measured
Results: In this study HEI mean score was 55.26. Based on HEI-2010 values, diet quality was good in 0.7% of participants, needed improvement in 55.9%, and was poor in 43.4% of cases. Diet quality [HEI] was significantly and linearly related with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, TG, and BMI [P < 0.05]
Conclusions: According to this study, low diet quality can be related to MetS components
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Background: Obesity as the excessive accumulation of adipose in adipocytes has still remained equivocal. Since diets contain many components to prevent from or promote diseases, assessing effects of the whole diet on health can be more practical. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between quality of diets through healthy eating index [HEI], and body composition parameters in Iranian adults
Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 138 participants in the age range of 20-55 years, who referred to Endocrinology Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences to receive health care services and fulfilled the eligibility criteria to participate in this study. Food frequency questionnaire [FFQ] was used to calculate HEI scores. Body composition data included: Fat mass [FM], fat free mass [FFM], abdominal fat [AF], muscle mass [MM], and total body water [TBW] that were collected by bioelectrical impedance instrument
Results: In this study the mean HEI score was 55.26. Based on HEI-2010 values, diet quality was good in 0.7% of participants, needed improvement in 55.9%, and was poor in 43.4% of the cases. There were significant linear trends between quality of diets and body composition parameters [P < 0.05]
Conclusion: According to our study poor diet quality can be related to FM and obesity in Iranian adults
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Background: In acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL] the bone marrow loses its ability in the differentiation and maturation of blood cells at different stages. Zinc and copper are important co-factors for several enzymes and play an important role in maintenance of DNA integrity. Changes in serum levels of zinc and copper have been found in lymphoproliferative disorders. In the present study, the aim was to compare serum levels of zinc, copper, vitamin D, and inflammatory markers after eight courses of chemotherapy
Methods: Participants of this study included 30 ALL patients in the age range of 15 to 65 years. A 10 mL blood sample was taken before and after eight courses of chemotherapy. The concentration of Zinc, Copper, hs-CRP, vitamin D and malondialdehyde [MDA] were measured
Results: There was a significant increase in serum zinc [121.7 +/- 18.05 microg/dL before chemotherapy and 156.6 +/- 25.00 microg/dL after chemotherapy] and a significant decrease in serum copper [661.9 +/- 190.1 microg/dL before chemotherapy and 402.2 +/- 93.5 microg/dL after chemotherapy] and a significant decrease in Malondialdehyde and serum vitamin D were observwd. Further, no significant differences were observed in hs-CRP after chemotherapy
Conclusion: Results showed that chemotherapy could decrease the burden of disease by increasing serum zinc and decreasing serum copper